The Aloha state, Hawaii, is not only known for its stunning landscapes and pristine beaches but also for its unique cultural practices that have been preserved and handed down through generations. One such tradition is the Luau, a festive gathering that showcases Hawaiian cuisine, music, and dance. Let’s dive deep into this vibrant tradition that encapsulates the Hawaiian spirit.


Photo by SusuMa on Pixabay

1. The Essence of a Luau

In Hawaiian language, ‘Luau’ refers to a grand feast featuring an array of local delicacies, live music, and hula dancing. It’s an event where the concepts of celebration and party fuse, giving birth to different types of Luaus that mark various occasions, from birthdays to weddings.

2. History and Origin of the Luau

The term ‘Luau’ has been in use since 1856, as recorded by the Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Previously, such feasts were known as ‘paina’ or ‘ahaaina’. The modern name originates from a particular dish always served at a Luau, which includes young taro tops baked with coconut milk and chicken or octopus.

3. A Gourmet’s Paradise

A typical Luau offers a gastronomic journey through Hawaii’s culinary landscape. Some of the traditional dishes you might find at a Luau include:

  • Poi: A staple Hawaiian dish made from cooked taro corms or breadfruit, pounded and thinned with water.
  • Poke: Traditional Hawaiian poke is raw fish, gutted and sliced, eaten with condiments like salt, seaweed, and crushed roasted kukui nuts.
  • Lomilomi Salmon: Raw salmon mixed with diced tomatoes, onions and seasoned with sea salt.
  • Laulau: A dish consisting of pork, beef, salted fish, or taro tops wrapped in ti leaves or banana leaves and cooked.
  • Kalua Pig: Pork cooked in a pit oven, also known as imu.

4. Kapu History and the Advent of Luaus

The Luau, as we know it today, was born out of the abolition of Hawaii’s ancient legal system, Kānāwai. Under this system, certain laws, collectively known as Kapu, forbade certain activities and consumption of specific foods by common people. The most significant among these was the law that prohibited men and women from eating together.

The transformation came with King Kamehameha II, who abolished the Kapu system, paving the way for the Luau tradition, where everyone could eat and celebrate together.

5. The Luau Table: A Feast for the Eyes and Palate

Traditionally, Luau food was served at low tables adorned with fruits and flowers. Today, most Luaus serve food at long rectangle tables with chairs or benches. However, the essence of the Luau feast, the array of traditional dishes, remains the same.

Traditional Luau Food

6. Hula: The Heartbeat of a Luau

Hula, a significant aspect of Hawaiian culture, is a dance form that serves as a means of communication and celebration. It narrates legends, history, and spiritual beliefs through intricate movements and accompanying music. At a Luau, you can witness two popular forms of Hula – Hula Kahiko, the traditional form, and Hula ‘Auana, the modern form influenced by Western culture.

Hula Dance

7. When are Luaus Held?

Luaus are held to celebrate various occasions, from birthdays and graduations to historic events. They also serve as community gatherings and fundraisers. Commercial Luaus are popular among tourists, offering them a glimpse of the Hawaiian culture and hospitality.

8. Drinks at a Luau

While the food at a Luau takes center stage, no feast is complete without beverages. Modern Luaus offer a range of drinks, including beer, mixed drinks, soda, juice, and even traditional Hawaiian drinks.

9. The Evolution of Luau

Though the concept of a Luau remains the same, its execution has evolved over the years. Many of the foods now considered traditional at Luaus were introduced by Europeans, Americans, or Asians. The breaking of the Kapus in 1819 brought significant changes, allowing men and women to eat together and lifting restrictions on certain foods.

10. The Luau at the Polynesian Cultural Center

For those seeking an authentic Luau experience, the ʻAʻliʻ Lūʻau at the Polynesian Cultural Center is a must-visit. It offers a day full of cultural presentations, hands-on activities, live music, and a feast including traditional dishes. The Luau culminates with a presentation honoring the last reigning monarch of Hawaii, Queen Liliokaulani.

Polynesian Cultural Center

A Luau is more than just a party. It encapsulates Hawaiian culture, a tribute to its history, and celebrates its vibrant spirit. Whether you’re a traveler exploring Hawaii or a local celebrating a milestone, a Luau is an experience to be savored. So, next time you’re in Hawaii, attend a Luau and immerse yourself in the Aloha spirit.